Manipulators in C++ (with Examples – setw, setbase, ends, setfill, flush, ws)
Manipulators are special functions that can be included in the I/O statement to alter the format parameters of a stream. To access manipulators, the file iomanip.h should be included in the program. In this...
Data Communication: Types, Components, Characteristics & Functions
Data communication is the electronic exchange of data between two devices across a communication channel like a wire pair cable or Fiber optics. In this article, we have shared all the details about data communication....
Multiplexing (FDM, WDM, TDM): Use, Type, Technique, Computer Networking
We'll go through the notion of multiplexing in computer networks in this tutorial. We have shared all the basic information about MUX used in networking. In this article, You will also learn the definition,...
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for Data Error Detection (With Example)
Bits can be corrupted while being transported over a computer network owing to interference and network difficulties. Errors are caused by corrupted bits, which cause the receiver to receive erroneous data. Parity Check, Checksum,...
Physical Layer in OSI Model: Functions, Issues, Protocols & Device
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model has seven-layer and Physical Layer is the lowest layer and is concerned with wiring and electrical standards. It provides an unreliable bit transmission/reception service to the Data Link layer....
TCP/IP Model (Internet Protocol Suite): Functions, ICMP, Transport Layer
TCP/IP Model stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Model. The TCP/IP model contains four layers from the seven layers of the OSI model. Hence it is known as a concise version of the OSI...
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTPS Difference, Work, Type, Proxy
HTTP full form is Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which is an application layer network protocol built on top of TCP. HTTP provides a standard for web browsers and servers to communicate.Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines how...
Application Layer Protocols: Types & Example (HTTP, DNS, SMTP, FTP)
In this article, we have shared all the basic information about Application Layer Protocols with their types, examples, uses, and functions of protocols in the application layer of the OSI Model.
What are Application Layer...
User Datagram Protocol: UDP Vs TCP, Work, Header, Use, DDoS Attacks
User Datagram Protocol, in short UDP, is one of the core members of the Internet protocol suite In computer networking.Computer applications can send messages with the help of UDP. It is referred to as...
Congestion control in Computer Networks: Types and Techniques
Congestion Control is also known as TCP Congestion control. TCP refers to Transmission Control Protocol that uses a network congestion-avoidance algorithm.It includes various aspects of an additive increase and multiplicative decrease scheme, along with...